Edge Register

Research and monitoring station

Instrument controllers, data loggers, a station server and the staff's laptops, at the end of a satellite link that is on for an hour a day or not at all.

How the register reads it

Also calledfield station, observatory, remote outpost
FamilyField and temporary site
Exposure by defaultHostile: remote, extreme weather, a handful of people or none for months. A line that says attended, unattended, public or hostile (outdoors, in transit, at sea) overrides it.
Link by defaultNone: a satellite window on a schedule, or a physical drive carried out with the next visit. A line that names the link (fibre, 4G, satellite, radio, offline) overrides it.
Regulated data by defaultNone; a line that names customer, staff, patient, card or controlled data adds it.
Runs plantNot by default; a line that names PLCs, SCADA, RTUs or HMIs adds it.
What a loss costsA station offline is the design; a station server or drive lost in transit holds the season's data and the staff's records.
Contract focusSatellite window terms, instrument firmware and spares, media transport and custody, cold and power ratings.

What each regime attaches

31 clauses across 6 regimes, on the class defaults

Shown on a register for the regimes you tick, by the exposure, link, data and plant the line states; with none ticked, the ISO 27001 rows are the default. Requirement text drawn from the compliance.theartofservice.com corpus, read against the held text of each standard: the corpus statement of each clause, not the instrument verbatim.

ISO/IEC 27001:2022, with the 27002:2022 guidance beside it

Attaches to every site: the off-premises, equipment, media, endpoint, backup, redundancy, network and continuity controls of Annex A, by the site's exposure, link, data and plant. With nothing ticked these rows render as the default.

ISO 27001 5.14 Information transfer

Put rules, procedures or agreements in place for every way information moves, inside and outside the organization.

ISO 27002 5.14 guidance: Requires transfer rules, procedures or agreements to be in place for every type of transfer facility, covering transfers within the organisation and between the organisation and outside parties.

Evidence an auditor accepts: transfer_policy; transfer_agreements; transfer_procedures
Common gap: Reliance on informal verbal agreements
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
ISO 27001 5.30 ICT readiness for business continuity

Plan, implement, maintain and test ICT readiness against business continuity objectives.

ISO 27002 5.30 guidance: Requires ICT readiness to be planned, implemented, maintained and tested against business continuity objectives and ICT continuity requirements. Supporting material frames this as ICT infrastructure and resources being resilient enough to carry business operations through disruption.

Evidence an auditor accepts: ict_continuity_plan; readiness_test_results; resource_allocation_records
Common gap: Testing frequency not aligned with risk
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
ISO 27001 6.7 Remote working

Apply security measures when people access, process or store information outside the organization's premises.

ISO 27002 6.7 guidance: Requires security measures to be implemented when personnel work remotely, protecting information that is accessed, processed or stored outside the organisation's premises.

Evidence an auditor accepts: remote_access_policy; secure_connection_mechanisms; endpoint_security
Common gap: Missing MFA for remote access
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
ISO 27001 7.8 Equipment siting and protection

Site equipment securely and protect it.

ISO 27002 7.8 guidance: Requires equipment to be sited securely and protected. Older source material in the folder expands this as siting equipment to reduce unnecessary access into work areas, positioning and restricting the viewing angle of facilities handling sensitive data, isolating items needing special protection, and guarding against physical hazards such as theft, fire, water, dust, vibration, electrical interference and vandalism.

Evidence an auditor accepts: site_layout_plans; environmental_controls; physical_security_measures
Common gap: Assuming perimeter security covers equipment
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
ISO 27001 7.9 Security of assets off-premises

Protect assets used or held off-site.

ISO 27002 7.9 guidance: Requires assets located away from the organisation's premises to be protected.

Evidence an auditor accepts: offsite_asset_inventory; transport_security_procedures; third_party_agreements
Common gap: Missing offsite asset register
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
ISO 27001 7.10 Storage media

Manage storage media across acquisition, use, transport and disposal per classification and handling rules.

ISO 27002 7.10 guidance: Requires storage media to be managed across their whole life cycle, covering acquisition, use, transportation and disposal, in accordance with the organisation's classification scheme and handling requirements. Older source material adds that disposal should follow formal procedures scaled to the sensitivity of the information held, and that media in transit needs protection against unauthorised access, misuse and corruption.

Evidence an auditor accepts: media_inventory; media_handling_procedures; media_transport_logs
Common gap: No documented classification for media
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
ISO 27001 7.13 Equipment maintenance

Maintain equipment correctly to preserve availability, integrity and confidentiality.

ISO 27002 7.13 guidance: Requires equipment to be maintained correctly, so that information stays available, intact and confidential.

Evidence an auditor accepts: maintenance_schedule; maintenance_logs; calibration_records
Common gap: no documented maintenance schedule
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
ISO 27001 8.1 User end point devices

Protect information stored on, processed by or reachable through user endpoints.

ISO 27002 8.1 guidance: Requires information stored on, processed by or accessible through user endpoint devices to be protected.

Evidence an auditor accepts: device_inventory; endpoint_security_settings; encryption_and_data_protection
Common gap: Incomplete device inventory
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
ISO 27001 8.9 Configuration management

Establish, document, implement, monitor and review secure configurations for hardware, software, services and networks.

ISO 27002 8.9 guidance: Requires configurations of hardware, software, services and networks, including their security configurations, to be established, documented, implemented, monitored and reviewed. Supporting material frames this as a standing process that keeps systems configured securely and consistently.

Evidence an auditor accepts: baseline_configurations; change_control_records; configuration_audit_reports
Common gap: outdated baselines
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
ISO 27001 8.13 Information backup

Maintain and regularly test backups of information, software and systems per the backup policy.

ISO 27002 8.13 guidance: Requires backup copies of information, software and systems to be maintained and regularly tested, in line with the agreed topic specific policy on backup. Supporting SME guidance treats regular creation of backups together with tested recovery as the substance of the control, not the copy on its own.

Evidence an auditor accepts: backup_policy; backup_schedule; backup_test_reports
Common gap: infrequent restore testing
Source framework: ISO/IEC 27001:2022

NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5

Attaches to every site: the PE family for the premises and the alternate work site, MP for the media, AC-17, AC-19 and AC-20 for remote access, mobile devices and external systems, the CP family for the sites that lose their link, SC-7 for the boundary and SI-7 and CM-8 for what runs there.

SP 800-53 AC-19 Access control for mobile devices

Requires documented configuration settings, connection rules and implementation guidance for mobile devices the organization controls, including their use away from controlled areas, and explicit authorization before any such device connects to an organizational system.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Mobile device standard covering encryption, lock, patching and off-site use; Mobile device management enrolment report reconciled to the device inventory; Authorization records for mobile device connection to each in scope system
Common gap: Personally owned devices reach corporate mail with no enrolment or authorization
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
SP 800-53 AC-20 Use of external systems

Requires terms to be established, or existing external system relationships identified, before authorized individuals may reach the system from external systems or handle organizational information on them, or alternatively requires organization-defined types of external system to be prohibited outright.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Documented terms and conditions or agreements covering permitted external system use; Register of external systems recognised as trusted and the basis for that trust; Policy statement naming external system types that are prohibited
Common gap: Terms exist on paper while unmanaged home devices connect freely in practice
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
SP 800-53 CM-8 System component inventory

Requires an accurate inventory of system components that covers every component, avoids duplicate or cross system accounting, is held at the granularity needed for tracking and reporting, carries the information the organization has defined for accountability, and is reviewed and updated on a defined frequency.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Component inventory with the defined accountability fields populated; Reconciliation of the inventory against a discovery scan or cloud asset listing; Defined review frequency and evidence of review at that cadence
Common gap: Cloud and container assets absent because inventory is built from a fixed asset register
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
SP 800-53 CP-6 Alternate storage site

Requires an alternate storage site to be established with the agreements needed to store and retrieve backup information, and requires that site to provide controls equivalent to those protecting the primary site.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Agreement or contract covering the alternate storage site and retrieval rights; Assessment showing site controls are equivalent to the primary site; Evidence of separation from the primary site against the identified threats
Common gap: Alternate storage shares the same power, network or hazard zone as the primary site
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
SP 800-53 CP-9 System backup

Requires backups of user-level information, system-level information and system documentation including security and privacy documentation, each at an organization-defined frequency, and requires the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the backup information itself to be protected.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Backup schedule and success reports covering user-level, system-level and documentation backups; Encryption and access control configuration protecting backup data; Restore test records proving backups are usable
Common gap: Documentation and configuration backed up nowhere, only application data
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
SP 800-53 CP-10 System recovery and reconstitution

Requires the system to be recoverable and reconstitutable to a known state within an organization-defined period consistent with its recovery time and recovery point objectives after disruption, compromise or failure.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Documented recovery time and recovery point objectives for the system; Recovery procedures describing return to a known and secure state; Recovery test results showing objectives met within the defined period
Common gap: Objectives stated by the business but never tested against actual recovery times
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
SP 800-53 MP-5 Media transport

Requires organization-defined media types to be protected and controlled by defined controls while in transit outside controlled areas, accountability for the media to be maintained throughout, transport activity to be documented, and transport to be carried out only by authorized personnel.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Defined media types in scope for transport and the controls applied, such as encryption or tamper evident containers; Chain of custody records for each transport movement; List of personnel authorized to transport media
Common gap: Backup media couriered with a signature on collection but no custody record in between
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
SP 800-53 PE-3 Physical access control

Requires physical access authorizations to be enforced at defined entry and exit points by verifying authorization before entry and controlling ingress and egress with defined mechanisms or guards, physical access audit logs to be kept, publicly accessible areas to be controlled, visitors to be escorted and their activity controlled in defined circumstances,...

Evidence an auditor accepts: Entry and exit point register showing the enforcement mechanism at each; Physical access audit logs from badge or guard systems; Visitor escort procedure and completed visitor logs
Common gap: Tailgating unaddressed, so an authorization check happens for only the first person through
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
SP 800-53 PE-18 Location of System Components. Position system components within the facility to minimize potential damage from [organization-defined] and to minimize the opportunity for unauthorized access

Location of System Components. Position system components within the facility to minimize potential damage from [organization-defined] and to minimize the opportunity for unauthorized access

Evidence an auditor accepts: The defined physical and environmental hazards that positioning is intended to mitigate; Floor plans or location documentation showing where system components sit relative to those hazards; Rationale linking each placement decision to the hazard it mitigates and to unauthorised access opportunity
Common gap: Placement driven by available space and cabling, with the hazard rationale written afterwards
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
SP 800-53 SI-7 Software, firmware, and information integrity

Requires integrity verification tools to be employed to detect unauthorized changes to organization-defined software, firmware and information, and requires organization-defined actions to be taken when such unauthorized changes are detected.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Defined list of software, firmware and information subject to integrity verification; Integrity monitoring tool configuration and coverage report; Alerts generated by integrity checks and the response records
Common gap: Integrity monitoring produces constant noise from routine change and is therefore ignored
Source framework: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5

CIS Controls v8

Attaches to every site: the asset inventory on all of them, anti-malware on the unattended and public ones and on plant, automated and isolated backups where the link is intermittent or absent, remote wipe and the VPN on portable and remote devices.

CIS v8 CIS-1.1 Establish and Maintain Detailed Enterprise Asset Inventory

Establish and maintain an accurate, detailed, and up-to-date inventory of all enterprise assets with the potential to store or process data, to include: end-user devices (including portable and mobile), network devices, non-computing/IoT devices, and servers. Ensure the inventory records the network address (if static), hardware address, machine name, enterp...

Evidence an auditor accepts: Evidence the safeguard is implemented: Establish and Maintain Detailed Enterprise Asset Inventory; Policy/standard covering CIS Control 1 (Inventory and Control of Enterprise Assets); Configuration / tooling output demonstrating the safeguard
Common gap: Safeguard implemented for some assets but not all in scope
Source framework: CIS Controls v8
CIS v8 CIS-4.11 Enforce Remote Wipe Capability on Portable End-User Devices

Remotely wipe enterprise data from enterprise-owned portable end-user devices when deemed appropriate such as lost or stolen devices, or when an individual no longer supports the enterprise.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Evidence the safeguard is implemented: Enforce Remote Wipe Capability on Portable End-User Devices; Policy/standard covering CIS Control 4 (Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software); Configuration / tooling output demonstrating the safeguard
Common gap: Safeguard implemented for some assets but not all in scope
Source framework: CIS Controls v8
CIS v8 CIS-11.2 Perform Automated Backups

Perform automated backups of in-scope enterprise assets. Run backups weekly, or more frequently, based on the sensitivity of the data.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Evidence the safeguard is implemented: Perform Automated Backups; Policy/standard covering CIS Control 11 (Data Recovery); Configuration / tooling output demonstrating the safeguard
Common gap: Safeguard implemented for some assets but not all in scope
Source framework: CIS Controls v8
CIS v8 CIS-11.4 Establish and Maintain an Isolated Instance of Recovery Data

Establish and maintain an isolated instance of recovery data. Example implementations include, version controlling backup destinations through offline, cloud, or off-site systems or services.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Evidence the safeguard is implemented: Establish and Maintain an Isolated Instance of Recovery Data; Policy/standard covering CIS Control 11 (Data Recovery); Configuration / tooling output demonstrating the safeguard
Common gap: Safeguard implemented for some assets but not all in scope
Source framework: CIS Controls v8
CIS v8 CIS-12.7 Ensure Remote Devices Utilize a VPN and are Connecting to an Enterprise’s AAA Infrastructure

Require users to authenticate to enterprise-managed VPN and authentication services prior to accessing enterprise resources on end-user devices.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Evidence the safeguard is implemented: Ensure Remote Devices Utilize a VPN and are Connecting to an Enterpris; Policy/standard covering CIS Control 12 (Network Infrastructure Management); Configuration / tooling output demonstrating the safeguard
Common gap: Safeguard implemented for some assets but not all in scope
Source framework: CIS Controls v8

ISO 22301:2019

Attaches the business continuity plans and procedures to every site, and the plan content and recovery clauses to the sites whose link is intermittent or absent.

ISO 22301 8.4.1 General

Implement and maintain a response structure enabling timely warning and communication to relevant interested parties, with plans and procedures to manage the organization through a disruption and to activate continuity solutions, identified and documented from the output of the selected strategies and solutions, and with procedures that are specific about im...

Evidence an auditor accepts: Documented response structure; Procedures stating immediate steps and the roles that take them; Traceability from selected strategies and solutions to the documented plans
Common gap: Procedures written for one rehearsed scenario, brittle against anything else
Source framework: ISO 22301:2019
ISO 22301 8.4.4 Business continuity plans

Document and maintain business continuity plans that guide teams through response and recovery, collectively containing the actions to continue or recover prioritized activities within predetermined time frames, the means of monitoring the disruption and the response, the pre defined thresholds and process for activating the response, procedures to deliver p...

Evidence an auditor accepts: Plan set with each plan carrying every required element; Activation criteria and thresholds stated in the plan itself; Interdependency and resource sections reconciled to the BIA
Common gap: Plans that cover activation and response but have no stand down, so the organization never formally returns to normal
Source framework: ISO 22301:2019
ISO 22301 8.4.5 Recovery

Maintain documented processes to restore and return business activities from the temporary measures adopted during and after a disruption.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Documented restoration and return to normal processes; Criteria for deciding that temporary measures can be withdrawn; Evidence of use, from exercises or real events, including backlog clearance
Common gap: Recovery treated as implicit once the incident is closed, with no process behind it
Source framework: ISO 22301:2019

DORA, the Digital Operational Resilience Act

Attaches Article 11 (response and recovery) to every site of a financial entity and Article 12 (backup, restoration and recovery) to the sites whose link is intermittent or absent; a site with no recovery objective is a finding.

DORA Art. 11 Response and recovery

Financial entities shall put in place an ICT business continuity policy and ICT response and recovery plans (including measures, procedures and arrangements) to ensure continuity of critical or important functions, quickly contain damage, resume activities and recover, subject to regular testing.

Evidence an auditor accepts: ICT business continuity policy + response/recovery plans; Records of plan testing
Common gap: No ICT continuity/response/recovery plans
Source framework: DORA (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554)
DORA Art. 12 Backup policies and procedures, restoration and recovery

Financial entities shall develop and document backup policies and procedures, and restoration and recovery procedures and methods, ensuring backups can be restored with minimal disruption, with backup systems physically and logically segregated from the source system.

Evidence an auditor accepts: Backup and restoration policies/procedures; Evidence of segregated backups and restoration tests
Common gap: No tested backups
Source framework: DORA (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554)

NIST SP 800-207, zero trust architecture

Attaches the satellite-facility deployment scenario to every site and the two design tenets (every communication secured, every asset's posture monitored) to the sites where remote access is named. No regime page: it renders on the remote-access rows and the finding.

SP 800-207 SC-SATELLITE Deployment Scenario: Enterprise with Satellite Facilities

Applies ZTA to an organization with a headquarters plus geographically dispersed locations and remote workers that have no full enterprise-owned network.

Evidence an auditor accepts: ZTA design for remote workers and satellite sites; Policy coverage for off-network access
Common gap: VPN-only model treated as zero trust
Source framework: NIST SP 800-207

Questions for the hardware vendor

six, and one for the class

For the instrument controllers, the data loggers and the station server, over a link that is usually absent:

  1. Can you show measured boot or firmware attestation on the equipment, and how a failed check reports back over a link that is usually absent?
  2. How does the equipment take an update unattended over a link that is usually absent, and how does it roll back on its own when the update fails part way?
  3. Can a lost or stolen unit be wiped remotely, and what happens to the wipe command while the unit is offline?
  4. Is local storage on the equipment encrypted at rest with the key held off the device, and can that be verified from the fleet console?
  5. Can the equipment be recovered to a known state by a non-technical person on site, without a technician's visit?
  6. What spares, lead times and end-of-support dates apply to the equipment, and who holds the spares nearest the site?

For this class: How is the season's data carried out and reconciled, and how does the station take an update when the window is an hour?

Findings this class can raise

Do this for every site on your list

Paste the list and get this reading for every site at once, with the link, the exposure, the data held, the findings and the duty rows per regime. Eight sites free, no account.

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